gestalt psychology
Field of psychology that studies how single parts are perceived as a hole. It describes principles of grouping (e.g. the principle of proximity: elements that are closer to each other are perceived as belonging together), of contour integration and completion, and figure-ground organization. Reference: J. Wagemans u. a., „A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: I. Perceptual grouping and figure–ground organization“, Psychol. Bull., Bd. 138, S. 1172–1217, 2012, doi: 10.1037/a0029333.